About 400,000 years ago, Neanderthals (neanderthal man) After all, it just appeared in Europe. So Villa suspects that the prehistoric people of Castel di Guido were Neanderthals.
“About 400,000 years ago, I started seeing the general use of fire, and this is the beginning of the Neanderthal dynasty,” Villa said. “This is a very important period for Castel de Guido.”
It appears to have been a productive period, too. Villa and her colleagues identified 98 bone tools from Castel di Guido, where the excavations were carried out from 1979 to 1991. This is the largest number of destroyed bone tools made by premodern humans that the researchers have described so far.
A well-stocked toolbox contains a wide range of useful items: some tools were oriented and could theoretically be used for chopping meat. Other tools were wedges that might be useful for cleaving heavy femurs and other long bones.
“You first make a groove in which you can put these heavy bits in with the cutting edge, and then hammer on them. At some point the leg will break,” Villa said.
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